CITY CENTER, MADRID, SPAIN.
Madrid’s origins trace back to the 9th century, when the Moors built a fortress near the Manzanares River. It remained a modest town until the 16th century, when King Philip II moved the royal court there in 1561, making Madrid the capital of Spain. From that moment, the city rapidly grew in political, cultural, and economic importance, becoming the heart of the Spanish Empire.
Over the centuries, Madrid has witnessed revolutions, wars, and dramatic transformations. It played a key role in the Spanish War of Independence against Napoleon in 1808, events immortalized in Francisco de Goya’s paintings The Second of May and The Third of May 1808. The 20th century brought both turmoil and modernization, including the Spanish Civil War, after which Madrid reinvented itself into a thriving, modern European capital.
Interesting Historical Facts
Madrid is the highest capital city in Europe, sitting about 650 meters (2,130 ft) above sea level.
The city’s motto is “Fui sobre agua edificada, mis muros de fuego son” (“I was built on water, my walls are made of fire”), a reference to the ancient aqueducts and kilns in the area.
The famous bear and strawberry tree statue (El Oso y el Madroño), found in Puerta del Sol, is the official symbol of Madrid.
The Royal Palace of Madrid is the largest royal palace in Western Europe, with more than 3,400 rooms.
Plaza Mayor has seen everything from royal coronations to executions and even football games in its early years.
Top Tourist Attractions in Madrid
Royal Palace of Madrid – Lavish official residence of the Spanish royal family, open for tours.
Museo del Prado – One of the greatest art museums in the world, home to Goya, Velázquez, and Bosch.
Retiro Park (Parque del Buen Retiro) – A vast green space with sculptures, fountains, and the famous Crystal Palace.
Puerta del Sol – The symbolic center of Madrid, featuring the “Kilometer Zero” marker of Spain’s road network.
Plaza Mayor – Historic square framed by arcaded buildings and filled with restaurants and shops.
Temple of Debod – A 2nd-century Egyptian temple gifted to Spain, offering magical sunset views.
Reina Sofía Museum – Known for housing Picasso’s Guernica and modern masterpieces by Dalí and Miró.
Gran Vía – Madrid’s lively main avenue, packed with theatres, shops, and nightlife.
